Complex Ideas, Made Simple

A nuclear reactor works by utilizing the heat generated from nuclear fission reactions to produce steam, which then drives turbines to generate electricity. The reactor contains fuel rods that are made of a fissile material such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239. When these nuclei absorb a neutron, they become unstable and split into smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This energy heats up the coolant, typically water, which is then circulated through a heat exchanger to produce steam. Control rods made of a neutron-absorbing material like boron are used to control the rate of the nuclear reaction. The steam produced is then used to turn turbines connected to generators, which produce electricity. The reactor is housed in a containment vessel to prevent the release of radioactive materials into the environment.

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